Due to increasing demand for the scarce available water throughout the world it is an extremely important matter, in water management, to make serious attempts in determining its true economic value. This paper discusses the optimal allocation of water to agriculture, the relatively true economic value of water as well as the cropping patterns for the Shirvan Barzo (SB) dam area in North Khorasan Province of Iran. The analysis is based on linear programming (LP) and on multi goal linear programming (MGLP) models for determining solutions that can maximize net return to farmers. In the study, the priority of goals is developmental, social, economical, and environmental respectively. The results indicated that optimizing the cropping patterns along with proper the allocation of irrigation water has yet substantial potential to increase the net return from agriculture. It has already decreased the applied water as much as 19 percent. The results show that the economic value of each unit of agricultural water is estimated to be between 107 to 1296 IRR×104 per cubic meter. This suggests managing the allocation of water based on optimal models and bring water prices close to its true economic value to motivate the farmers to economize in the applied water.

The base article show the market in allocating resources is water. Studies on the functions of the water market in the world and Iran is said to be: Water markets where excess demand for water there is, generally, are formed. Water resources of the national markets have water. Separation of water from land ownership is a requirement of water markets. The third law of economic development - the social state (rule 106) and rule 17 of the Fourth Development and implementation documentation And rule 142 of the fifth development plan emphasizes the need to strengthen local markets and facilitate transactions by. Moreover, according to encourage investment in water projects in the license agreement to sell water to the price the investor is given. n order to increase water use efficiency, increase farmers income, reduce risk, income farmers, Increased private investment in the water industry, increase public participation in water resource management and reduce costs in administration and management of water resources Deserves the attention of policy makers and industry to promote water markets, water and agriculture.

Constraints on water resources and increasing the number and variety of water users has led to appeal of the importance of optimal water allocation. The Khanmirza watershed in Chaharmahal Va Bakhtiari Province, has experienced unsustainable development by relying on groundwater resources. As a result of this imbalance, a dramatic drop occurred in the aquifer of the Khanmiza plain. The Khanmirza watershed allocation model in WEAP environment were developed to investigate the allocation and spatial changes, considering the base year( 2015), the horizon year of the plan( 2025), and the one-month timeline. The four scenarios examined in the WEAP model included the reference scenario, pessimistic scenario, optimistic scenario and realistic scenario over the next ten years. The results showed that 51 million cubic meters of demand, in a pessimistic scenario, 79 million cubic meters, in an optimistic scenario, 30 million cubic meters, and in a realistic scenario 41 million cubic meters cannot be provided. Therefore, given the high volume of water requirements in the agricultural sector, the need for special management and planning in this area to prevent groundwater loss is quite tangible. It is also clear that the use of water for agricultural in the studied area acts as a competitor to the environment and without land use management, water management will face tension.

In arid and semi-arid regions, like Iran, water is one of the main factors limiting economic development. In the present study, a new high-performance method was used for optimal water allocation in the agricultural sector from 2007 to 2016 years. Election Algorithm is an iterative population-based algorithm, which works with a set of solutions known as population. The results of this method were compared with the results of the Imperialist Competitive Algorithm (ICA). The objective function was determined for each product in the agricultural sector as well as product performance, each product benefits and cultivated area of the demand function, then maximization of the objective function and optimal water resources allocation were performed using EA and ICA algorithms. The results of the application of the EA and ICA algorithms to the optimal water allocation problem showed that in this section, higher benefits could be obtained through economic policies as well as changing the cultivation pattern. Generally, in the case of Moghan plain can be expressed by applying a coefficient of 0.9, 135 Billion Rials, that is, about 40% of the optimal water resources allocation benefits improving between the agriculture sectors compared to the current situation.

The purpose of this study is using game theory to evaluate the relationship between the five residential, agriculture, industry and mining, recreation and environment water demands in the Zayandehrud basin. In order to estimate the demand and supply functions, this study used system of simultaneous equations in the period 2001-2012. So the industry and mining and agricultural demand estimate with using a translog production function, the cost associated with it and using the second Taylor series expansion and the water cost share equation extracted in derivative with respect to the price of water and Shepard's lemma. The industry and mining demand Marginal price was estimated 12072.2 and 1698.442 Rials. Municipal water demand estimate as a nonlinear function by maximizing the Stone - Geary (Klean- Rubin) utility function restricted to family budget and the taking into account the minimum water requirement as a function of water temperature and population. The daily per capita minimum water requirement was estimated 101.91 Lit. The results of the above estimates under the two-play man and man (HH) and the game man and nature (HN) was evaluated in three states. The equilibrium estimate under the (HH) game, regardless of the demand for recreation and the environmental is for quantity 2696.74 mm3 and price 1932.37. In a wider game, by taking WTP of water and consumption requirement in recreation and the environmental sector in horizontal plural form the water market equilibrium between man and nature play is 2743.58 for quantity and 1973.64 for price. Finally, in the third case in the water market, by taking WTP of water and nonuse water in recreation sector in horizontal plural form and WTP of water and consumption requirement in the environmental sector in horizontal plural form the water market equilibrium between man and nature play is 2777.83 for quantity and 20004.715 for price.

Water as a vital element has been a rout of political, national and international challenges for years due to its unequal supply and geographical distribution. A practical approach for optimal allocation of water resources in game theory through explanation and interpretation of current situation in a cooperative game framework and building up an efficient solution could be helpful. Since in the cooperative game, players can be aware of other players’ decisions and strategies clearly, game will be performed based on the profit sharing between players’ coalition and controversially there will be a competitive decision-making situation due to various coalitions between players. In this study, Atrak river drainage basin has been investigated. A cooperative game between beneficiaries has been introduced, their strategies have been explained and finally “ Shapley Value” has been evaluated for each player and efficient scenario is assessed. Based on optimal allocation of water resources scenario in north east provinces, environmental improvement and national income increase will be expected.

In this research, a metaheuristic algorithm, called Water Cycle Algorithm (WCA), was developed in MATLAB software, with the purpose of optimal allocation strategies of a multi-reservoirs system (Golestan and Voshmgir dams) located at Gorganrood basin (north of Iran), for a five year period (from 2007-2008 to 2011-2012). At the first step, the performance of the developed algorithm was successfully assessed through several benchmark functions. Next, it was applied to the monthly allocation of Gorganrood multi-reservoirs system. The objective function was defined as the minimizing of the total deficit for the study period. The results of all applied algorithms were evaluated by reliability and vulnerability criteria. The results of WCA were compared with other developed evolutionary algorithms including Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). The WCA, GA and PSO were capable to supply 97. 73, 87. 07 and 94. 3 percent of Golestan dam water demand, respectively. For the Voshmgir dam, the mentioned models could supply 97. 06, 87. 59 and 94. 47 percent of water demand, in same order. The temporal reliability (α =0. 9) for WCA, GA and PSO models, was obtained 95, 26. 67 and 58. 33 percent for Golestan dam and 91. 67, 38. 33 and 66. 67 percent for Voshmgir dam, respectively, revealed that the WCA was superior in optimal allocation of multi-reservoirs system.

Deteriorated quality and scarcity of water are two serious problems and the water resources management corresponding to these problems is often accompanied by conflict between consumers. The purpose of this study is to analyze the behaviors and interactions of stakeholders in the Karaj basin in order to provide optimal strategy in sustainable policy-making of water resources in this basin with respect to environmental protection. In this study, definitions of stability were used to analyze the results of the Graph model in non-cooperative game theory. Players include the Ministry of Agriculture, the Regional Water Company, the Farmers and the Department of Environment. The results of the Graph model showed that among the definitions of stability used in this study, Non-Myopic stability analysis is reliable for the analysis of this game and the output of this stability is more likely to occur in the behavior of players. One of the most desirable equilibrium states is the basic situation and the other equilibrium state is the situation in which farmers perform unauthorized withdrawals of irrigation canals, in which case an undesirable situation will occur in the future. Therefore, the water resources management in the basin can be improved by determining incentives from the regional water company for the cooperation of farmers and their training, as well as identifying and punishing violators. Finally, the results showed that using appropriate stability definitions can provide valuable insights for policy-making to analyze specific conflict, when there is uncertainty about player behavior.

Optimal exploitation of dams’ reservoirs and provision of dam downstream water demand is of great importance. The use of water resource planning models has been recently very effective. For this purpose, this paper has analyzed and investigated the optimal utilization of Galmandareh River basin water resources using a combination of MODSIM as a simulation model and election algorithm as an optimization model and the development of the EA-MODSIM model. The objective function of the problem was considered as minimizing the sum of squared deviations between the required amount and the amount released from the reservoir. Efficiency, reliability, and vulnerability in reservoir operation were also used to evaluate the proposed model. Results indicated the acceptable performance of the simulation-optimization approach used in the research to solve the problem of planning the optimal allocation of water resources at the basin. Studies showed that in the simulation-optimization approach, the amount of water demand in the basin increased by about 32% compared to the simulation model. The results of the reliability index for industrial, agricultural, and environmental demands at the dam downstream were 86, 87, and 96%, respectively. These results indicated the importance of adopting policies for the optimal exploitation of system reservoirs to increase the water supply and reduce the water resource loss at the level of the basin.

In this study, regarding to special condition of Sistan region, Stochastic Helmand River flow in border of Iran and direct relation between farmer’s income and cost with water flow of Chahnimeh reservoir, to allocate water stochastic dynamic programming and markov chain were used. For this reason first data series were gathered for 20 (1999-2009) years. Then a good model was made to show the region condition. Finally, regarding to different states of system in farming season and their probabilities, water allocate optimally between Sistan, Zahak and Miankangi and cropping area were determined. Results show that using stochastic dynamic programming reservoir ‘water was optimally managed, water demand was determined in each area and cropping area was estimated. Therefore, this model is suggested to Chahnimeh Reservoir management.